Valve inspection and installation

Valve inspection and installation

Inspection before valve installation

①  Carefully check and check whether the valve model and specification meet the requirements of the drawing.

②  Check whether the valve stem and valve disc are flexible to open, and whether there is jamming or skewing.

③  Check whether the valve is damaged, and whether the thread of the threaded valve is correct and complete.

④  Check whether the combination of the valve seat and the valve body is firm, the connection between the valve disc and the valve seat, the valve cover and the valve body, and the valve stem and the valve disc.

⑤  Check whether the valve gasket, packing and fasteners (bolts) are suitable for the requirements of the working medium.

⑥  The old or long-standing pressure relief valve should be dismantled, and the dust, sand and other debris should be cleaned with water.

⑦Remove  the port cover, check the sealing degree, and the valve disc must be closed tightly.

Pressure test of valve

Low-pressure, medium-pressure and high-pressure valves should be subjected to strength test and tightness test, and alloy steel valves should also be subjected to spectral analysis of the shell one by one, and the material should be reviewed.

1. Strength test of valve

The strength test of the valve is to test the valve in the open state to check the leakage on the outer surface of the valve. For valves with PN≤32MPa, the test pressure is 1.5 times the nominal pressure, the test time is not less than 5min, and there is no leakage at the shell and packing gland to be qualified.

2. Tightness test of valve

The test is carried out with the valve completely closed to check whether there is leakage on the sealing surface of the valve. The test pressure, except for the butterfly valve, check valve, bottom valve and throttle valve, should generally be carried out at the nominal pressure. When the working pressure is used, it can also be tested with 1.25 times the working pressure, and it is qualified if the sealing surface of the valve disc does not leak.

General requirements for valve installation

1.  The installation position of the valve should not hinder the operation, disassembly and maintenance of the equipment, the pipeline and the valve body itself, and at the same time, the appearance of the assembly should be considered.

2.  For valves on horizontal pipelines, the valve stem should be installed upwards, or installed at a certain angle, and the handwheel should not be installed downwards. The valve, valve stem and handwheel on the high-altitude pipeline can be installed horizontally, and the opening and closing of the valve can be remotely controlled by the chain at the low vertical position.

3.  The arrangement is symmetrical, neat and beautiful; the valve on the riser, if the process allows, the valve handwheel is most suitable for operation at chest height, generally 1.0-1.2m from the ground, and the valve stem must follow the operator. installation direction.

4.  For the valves on the side-by-side risers, the elevation of the center line should be the same, and the clear distance between the handwheels should not be less than 100mm; the valves on the side-by-side horizontal pipes should be staggered to reduce the distance between the pipes.

5.  When installing heavy valves on water pumps, heat exchangers and other equipment, valve brackets should be installed; when valves are frequently operated and installed at a distance of more than 1.8m from the operating surface, a fixed operating platform should be installed.

6.  If there is an arrow mark on the valve body of the valve, the direction of the arrow is the flow direction of the medium. When installing the valve, care should be taken to make the arrow point in the same direction as the medium in the pipeline.

7.  When installing flanged valves, ensure that the end faces of the two flanges are parallel and concentric with each other, and double gaskets are not allowed.

8.  When installing a threaded valve, one threaded valve should be equipped with a union to facilitate disassembly. The setting of the union should consider the convenience of maintenance. Usually, the water flows through the valve first and then the union.

Valve Installation Precautions

1.  The valve body material is mostly made of cast iron, which is brittle, so it should not be hit by heavy objects.

2.  When handling the valve, it is not allowed to throw it at will; when lifting and hoisting the valve, the rope should be tied to the valve body, and it is strictly forbidden to be tied to the handwheel, valve stem and flange bolt holes.

3.  The valve should be installed in the most convenient place for operation, maintenance and repair, and it is strictly forbidden to bury it in the ground. For the valves on the pipelines in direct burial and trenches, an inspection well room should be set up to facilitate the opening, closing and adjustment of the valves.

4.  Ensure that the thread is intact, and wrap hemp, lead oil or PTFE raw material tape on the thread. When twisting, use a wrench to clamp the hexagonal valve body screwed into one end of the pipe.

5.  When installing the flanged valve, pay attention to tighten the connecting bolts diagonally, and use even force when screwing, to prevent the gasket from running off or causing deformation and damage to the valve body.

6.  The valve should be kept closed during installation. For threaded valves close to the wall, it is often necessary to remove the valve stem, valve disc and handwheel during installation before they can be screwed. When disassembling, turn the handwheel to keep the valve open before disassembling.

Installation of common valves

Installation of gate valve, globe valve and check valve

BW 900LB gate valve

Gate valve, also known as gate valve, is a valve that uses a gate to control the opening and closing, and adjusts the pipeline flow and opens and closes the pipeline by changing the cross section. Gate valves are mostly used for pipelines that fully open or fully close the fluid medium. Gate valve installation generally has no directional requirements, but it cannot be flipped.

C95800 globe valve

The globe valve is a valve that uses the valve disc to control the opening and closing. Adjust the medium flow or cut off the medium passage by changing the gap between the valve disc and the valve seat, that is, changing the size of the channel section. When installing the shut-off valve, attention must be paid to the flow direction of the fluid.

The principle that must be followed when installing the globe valve is that the fluid in the pipeline passes through the valve hole from bottom to top, commonly known as "low in and high out", and it is not allowed to install it in reverse.

Pressure check valve

Check valve, also known as check valve and one-way valve, is a valve that automatically opens and closes under the action of the pressure difference between the front and rear of the valve. According to their different structures, check valves include lift type, swing type and butterfly wafer type. Lift check valve is divided into horizontal and vertical. When installing the check valve, attention should also be paid to the flow direction of the medium and cannot be installed in reverse.

Installation of pressure reducing valve

The pressure reducing valve is a valve that reduces the inlet pressure to a certain required outlet pressure through adjustment, and relies on the energy of the medium itself to automatically keep the outlet pressure stable.

From the point of view of fluid mechanics, the pressure reducing valve is a throttling element whose local resistance can be changed, that is, by changing the throttling area, the flow rate and the kinetic energy of the fluid are changed, resulting in different pressure losses, so as to achieve the purpose of pressure reduction. Then rely on the adjustment of the control and adjustment system to balance the fluctuation of the pressure behind the valve with the spring force, so that the pressure behind the valve remains constant within a certain error range.

Installation of pressure reducing valve

1. The pressure relief valve group installed vertically is generally installed along the wall at a suitable height from the ground; the pressure relief valve group installed horizontally is generally installed on the permanent operating platform.

2. The application steel is loaded into the wall on the outside of the two control valves (usually used for globe valves) to form a bracket, and the bypass pipe is also stuck on the bracket to level and align.

3. The pressure reducing valve should be installed upright on the horizontal pipeline, and should not be inclined. The arrow on the valve body should point to the direction of medium flow, and should not be installed backwards.

4. Globe valves and high and low pressure pressure gauges should be installed on both sides to observe the pressure changes before and after the valve. The diameter of the pipeline behind the pressure reducing valve should be 2#-3# larger than the inlet pipe diameter before the valve, and a bypass pipe should be installed for maintenance.

5. The pressure equalizing pipe of the membrane pressure reducing valve should be connected to the low pressure pipeline. Low-pressure pipelines should be equipped with safety valves to ensure the safe operation of the system.

6. When used for steam decompression, a drain pipe should be set. For pipeline systems that require a higher degree of purification, a filter should be installed before the pressure reducing valve.

7. After the installation of the pressure reducing valve group, the pressure reducing valve and safety valve should be pressure tested, flushed and adjusted according to the design requirements, and the adjusted mark should be made.

8. When flushing the pressure reducing valve, close the inlet valve of the pressure reducer and open the flushing valve for flushing.

Installation of traps

The basic function of the steam trap is to discharge the condensed water, air and carbon dioxide gas in the steam system as soon as possible; at the same time, it automatically prevents the leakage of steam to the greatest extent. There are many types of traps, each with different performance.

Depending on the working principle of the trap, it can be divided into the following three types:

Mechanical type: The action depends on the change of the condensate level in the steam trap, including:

Float type: The float is a closed hollow sphere.

Open-up float type: The float is a barrel type with an upward opening.

Open Down Float Type: The float is a barrel type with an opening down.

Thermostatic: Acts on changes in liquid temperature, including:

Bimetal: The sensitive element is a bimetal.

Steam pressure type: The sensitive element is a bellows or an ink cartridge, which is filled with volatile liquid.

Thermodynamic type: The action depends on the change of the thermodynamic properties of the liquid.

Disc type: Due to the different flow rates of liquid and gas under the same pressure, the different dynamic and static pressures generated drive the disc valve to act.

Pulse type: When the condensate of different temperatures passes through the two-pole orifice plates in series, different pressures will be formed between the two-pole orifice plates, driving the valve disc to act.

Installation of traps

1. Shut-off valves (shut-off valves) should be set before and after, and a filter should be set between the trap and the front shut-off valve to prevent dirt from condensing water from clogging the trap.

2. An inspection pipe should be installed between the trap and the rear shut-off valve to check whether the trap works normally. If a large amount of steam is emitted when the inspection pipe is opened, it means that the trap is broken and needs to be repaired.

3. The purpose of setting the bypass pipe is to discharge a large amount of condensed water during startup and reduce the drainage load of the trap.

4. When the steam trap is used to drain the condensed water of the heating equipment, it should be installed at the lower part of the heating equipment, so that the condensate pipe is vertically returned to the steam trap to prevent the water from being stored in the heating equipment.

5. The installation location should be as close to the drainage point as possible. If the distance is too far, air or steam will accumulate in the slender pipe in front of the trap.

6. When the horizontal pipeline of the steam main pipe is too long, the drainage problem should be considered.

Installation of safety valve

The safety valve is a special valve that the opening and closing parts are in a normally closed state under the action of external force. When the pressure of the medium in the equipment or pipeline rises beyond the specified value, it discharges the medium to the outside of the system to prevent the medium pressure in the pipeline or equipment from exceeding the specified value. .

Safety valves are automatic valves, mainly used in boilers, pressure vessels and pipelines. The control pressure does not exceed the specified value, which plays an important role in protecting personal safety and equipment operation. NOTE The safety valve must be pressure tested before it can be used.

1. Before installation, the product must be carefully inspected to verify whether there is a certificate of conformity and product manual to clarify the constant pressure when leaving the factory.

2. The safety valve should be arranged as close to the platform as possible for inspection and maintenance.

3. The safety valve should be installed vertically, the medium should flow out from bottom to top, and the verticality of the valve stem should be checked.

4. Under normal circumstances, shut-off valves cannot be set before and after the safety valve to ensure safety and reliability.

5. Safety valve pressure relief: when the medium is liquid, it is generally discharged into the pipeline or closed system; when the medium is gas, it is generally discharged to the outdoor atmosphere;

6. The oil and gas medium can generally be discharged into the atmosphere. The outlet of the safety valve vent pipe should be 3m higher than the highest surrounding structures, but the following conditions should be discharged into a closed system to ensure safety.

7. The diameter of the population pipe should be at least equal to the inlet pipe diameter of the valve; the diameter of the discharge pipe should not be smaller than the outlet diameter of the valve. The discharge pipe should be led to the outside and installed with an elbow, so that the pipe outlet faces a safe area.

8. When the safety valve is installed, when the connection between the safety valve and the equipment and pipeline is opening welding, the opening diameter should be the same as the nominal diameter of the safety valve.

Centralized application of steam trap system

Common valve failures and causes

1. Causes and maintenance methods of stuffing box leakage

cause of issue	Maintenance method
The filling method is incorrect (for example, the whole root is placed in a spiral)	Correct packing
Valve stem is deformed or corroded and rusted	Repair or replace
Filler aging	Replace packing
Improper or excessive force	Slow opening and closing, smooth operation

2. Reasons for valve stem failure and maintenance methods

cause of issue	Maintenance method
Stem damage, corrosion tripping	Replace valve
valve stem bending	When the valve is not easy to open, do not use a long tool to pry off the handwheel, the twisted valve stem needs to be replaced
Stem nut tilt	Replace valve or valve
open air valve rusted	Outdoor valve should be strengthened maintenance, turn the handwheel regularly

3. Causes and maintenance methods of sealing surface leakage

cause of issue	Maintenance method
The sealing surface is worn and slightly corroded	Grind regularly
Improper closing, poor sealing surface contact	Slowly and repeatedly open and close several times
The valve stem is bent, and the upper and lower sealing surfaces are not on the center line	repair or replace
Impurities block valve holes	Open, remove debris, then close slowly, add a filter if necessary
The sealing ring is not tightly matched with the valve seat and valve disc	repair
The valve disc and the valve stem are not firmly connected	Repair or replacement

4. Other faults, causes and maintenance methods

Fault	cause of issue	Maintenance method
Gasket leak	The gasket material is not suitable or is affected by the medium in daily use and fails	Use gaskets suitable for working conditions or replace gaskets
Cracked valve	Frost damage or excessive force when installing threaded valves	Heat preservation and antifreeze, even and appropriate force during installation
Damaged handwheel	Heavy objects hit, the long rod is not opened by prying, the inner square hole is worn and chamfered	Avoid impact, use even force when opening, correct direction, file square hole or replace handwheel
Gland break	Uneven force when pressing the lid	Tighten nuts symmetrically
Gate failure	The wedge gate is not closed tightly due to corrosion, and the top wedge of the double gate is damaged	Periodically ground and replaced with carbon steel top wedges

Common faults and causes of automatic valves

1. Common faults, causes, prevention and maintenance of check valves

Fault	cause of issue	Maintenance method
medium backflow	1. The sealing surface between the valve core and the valve seat is damaged 2. There is dirt between the valve core and valve seat	1. Grinding the sealing surface 2. Remove dirt
Spool does not open	1. The sealing surface is stuck by scale 2. The shaft is rusted	1. Remove scale 2. Grind the rust to make it flexible
Disc is broken	The pressure of the medium before and after the valve is in a nearly balanced "tug-saw" state, which makes the valve disc made of brittle material beat frequently	Using ductile material disc

2. Common faults, causes, prevention and repair of traps

Fault	cause of issue	Maintenance method
undrained	1. The steam pressure is too low 2. Steam and condensate do not enter the trap 3. The pontoon-type pontoon is too light 4. The valve stem of the float type is stuck with the casing 5. The valve hole or channel is blocked 6. The thermostatic valve core is broken, blocking the valve hole	1. Adjust the steam pressure 2. Check whether the steam pipeline valve is closed and blocked 3. Appropriately increase the amount or replace the buoy 4. Overhaul or replacement to make it flexible 5. Remove the clogging debris, install a filter in front of the valve 6. Replace the valve core
exhaust	1. The valve core and valve seat are worn, and steam leaks 2. The drain hole cannot be closed by itself 3. The buoy-type buoy is small in size and cannot float	1. Grinding the sealing surface 2. Check whether there is dirt blockage 3. Properly increase the volume of the buoy
Continuous operating temperature drop	1. The drainage volume is lower than the amount of condensed water 2. The amount of condensed water in the pipeline increases	1. Replace the appropriate trap 2. Install steam trap

3. Common faults, causes, prevention and maintenance of pressure reducing valves

Fault	cause of issue	Maintenance method
Unstable pressure behind valve	1. The pulse type is the improper selection of the valve diameter, and the pressure difference between the two ends of the medium is large. 2. Improper selection of spring-type adjustment springs	1. Replace the appropriate pressure reducing valve 2. Replace the appropriate adjusting spring
The valve is blocked	1. The control channel is blocked by debris 2. The rust in the piston is stuck and cannot be moved down at the highest position	1. Remove sundries and install a filter in front of the valve 2. Overhaul the piston to make it flexible
valve straight	1. The piston is stuck in a certain position 2. The lower spring of the main valve disc is broken 3. The valve handle of the pulse valve is stuck at the tight position 4. There is dirt stuck or severe corrosion between the main valve disc and the sealing surface of the valve seat 5. Film failure	1. Overhaul the piston to make it flexible 2. Replace the spring 3. Overhaul to make it flexible 4. Remove dirt and grind the sealing surface regularly 5. Replace the film
The pressure behind the valve cannot be adjusted	1. The adjustment spring fails 2. The cap is leaking and cannot maintain pressure 3. Piston, cylinder wear or corrosion 4. The valve body is filled with condensed water	1. Replace the adjusting spring 2. Timely maintenance and replacement of gaskets 3. Overhaul the cylinder and replace the piston ring 4. Loosen the plug and drain the condensed water

4. Common faults, causes, prevention and repair of safety valves

Fault	cause of issue	Maintenance method
Sealing surface leakage	1. There is dirt or wear on the sealing surface of the valve core and the valve seat 2. The center line of the valve stem is not correct	1. Remove dirt or grind the seal 2. Correct the center line of the straightening valve stem
Over working pressure does not open	1. The lever is stuck or the pin is rusted 2. The lever-type weight is moved 3. The spring-type spring is deformed or fails due to heat 4. The valve core and the valve seat are stuck	1. Overhaul lever or pin 2. Adjust the position of the heavy hammer 3. Replace the spring 4. Regular exhaust test
Turn on without working pressure	1. The weight of the lever moves inward 2. The elasticity of the spring is not enough	1. Adjust the position of the heavy hammer 2. Tighten or replace the spring
The spool does not close automatically after opening	1. Lever deflection 2. Spring-type spring bending 3. The valve core or valve stem is incorrect	1. Overhaul lever 2. Adjust the spring 3. Adjust the valve core or valve stem

Common valve maintenance

During the installation and use of the valve, due to reasons such as manufacturing quality and wear, the valve is prone to leakage and lax closure.

1. Gland leakage repair

(1) Small valve cover leakage repair

(2) Larger valve gland leakage repair

2. Can not open or open without steam or water

(1) Gate valve

(2) Globe valve

(3) Valve or pipeline blockage

3 . Can't shut down or shut down

(1) The valve is not closed tightly: it may be due to the dirt stuck between the valve seat and the valve core, or the valve seat and the valve core are scratched, so that the valve cannot be closed tightly.

(2) Unable to close: When the valve is opened, the force is too strong and the head is opened.